China’s exports grow 5.9% in November, while U.S. shipments drop 29%

HONG KONG — China’s exports returned to growth in November following an unexpected contraction the month before, although shipments to the United States dropped nearly 29% from a year earlier in an eighth straight month of double-digit declines.

Overall exports from China in November were 5.9% higher than last year in dollar terms, according to customs data released Monday, at $330.3 billion, exceeding economists’ estimates. That was an improvement from a 1.1% contraction in October.

Underscoring a widening gap between overall exports and imports, the customs data showed that China’s trade surplus for the first 11 months surpassed the $1 trillion mark, at nearly $1.08 trillion. That’s a record high for any single year and is more than the $992 billion surplus in all of 2024, based on official data compiled by FactSet.

While exports from China to the U.S. have fallen for most of the year, shipments have surged to other destinations, including Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa and the European Union.

China’s imports increased 1.9% in November, at more than $218.6 billion, better than October’s 1% growth, even though a persistent downturn in the property sector is still weighing on consumer spending and business investment.

A year-long trade truce between China and the U.S. was reached at a meeting between U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping in late October in South Korea. The U.S. has lowered its tariffs on China, and China has promised to halt its export controls related to rare earths.

“It’s likely that November exports have yet to fully reflect the tariff cut, which should feed through in the coming months,” Lynn Song, ING Bank’s chief economist for Greater China, wrote in a report.

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China’s factory activity contracted for an eighth straight month in November, according to an official survey, and economists said it was still too early to determine whether there was a real rebound in external demand following the U.S.-China trade truce.

With exports still going strong, economists generally expect China to more or less meet its economic growth target of around 5% for this year.

Chinese leaders had outlined a focus on advanced manufacturing for the next five years following a high-level meeting in October.

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An annual economic planning meeting was held on Monday, led by Xi, to map out economic growth plans for 2026, according to Xinhua, China’s state-run news agency, as Chinese leaders reiterated a focus on “pursuing progress while ensuring stability.”

A stable global trade environment is not likely to last long, said Chi Lo, global market strategist at BNP Paribas Asset Management, as U.S.-China relations “remain in a stalemate” despite their temporary trade truce.

Still, some economists believe that China will continue to gain export market share in coming years.

Morgan Stanley predicts that by 2030, China’s market share in global exports will reach 16.5%, up from about 15% currently, fueled by its edge in advanced manufacturing and high-growth sectors such as electric vehicles, robotics and batteries.

“Despite persistent trade tensions, continued protectionism, and G20 economies taking up active industrial policies, we believe China will gain more share in the global goods export market,” Chetan Ahya, Morgan Stanley’s chief Asia economist, said in a recent note.