PADANG, Indonesia — The death toll from last week’s catastrophic floods and landslides in parts of Asia surged past 1,500 Thursday as rescue teams raced to reach survivors isolated by the disaster, with hundreds of people still unaccounted for across the region.
The latest figure came as meteorologists in Indonesia warned of renewed rainfall across North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Aceh provinces in coming days, raising fears of further devastation in areas already reeling from deadly floods.
The tragedy was compounded by warnings that decades of deforestation caused by unchecked development, mining and palm oil plantations may have worsened the devastation. Calls have grown for the government to act.
“We need the government to investigate and fix forest management,” said Rangga Adiputra, a 31-year-old teacher whose home in West Sumatra was swept away. The hills above his village on the outskirts of Padang city had been scarred by illegal logging.
“We don’t want this costly disaster to happen again,” he said.
Authorities said 836 people were confirmed dead in Indonesia, 479 in Sri Lanka and 185 in Thailand, as well as three in Malaysia.
Many villages in Indonesia and Sri Lanka remained buried under mud and debris, with 859 people still unaccounted for in both countries.
Thousands reportedly faced severe shortages of food and clean water in cut-off areas. The floods and landslides washed away roads and bridges and knocked out telecommunications, leaving many communities inaccessible.
Indonesian television showed images of huge amounts of felled timber carried downstream in North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Aceh provinces.
The leading Indonesian environmental group WALHI said that decades of deforestation — driven by mining, palm oil plantations, and illegal logging — stripped away natural defenses that once absorbed rainfall and stabilized soil.
“The disaster was not just nature’s fury, it was amplified by decades of deforestation,” said Rianda Purba, an activist with the group. “Deforestation and unchecked development have stripped Sumatra of its resilience.”
The group said nearly 600,000 acres of primary forest were lost in 2024 alone, leaving Sumatra’s small river basins dangerously exposed.
Another environmental group, Global Forest Watch, has said the flood-inundated Indonesian provinces of Aceh, North Sumatra and West Sumatra have since 2000 lost more than 7,569 square miles of forest, an area larger than the state of New Jersey.
“Unless restoration begins now, more lives will be lost,” Purba warned.
President Prabowo Subianto pledged policy reforms after visiting flood-hit areas on Monday.
“We must truly prevent deforestation and forest destruction. Protecting our forests is crucial,” Prabowo said.
In Batang Toru, the worst-hit area in North Sumatra, where seven companies operate, hundreds of acres had been cleared for gold mining and energy projects, leaving slopes exposed and riverbeds choked with sediment. Rivers there were swollen with runoff and timber, while villages were buried or swept away.
Lawmakers called for the companies’ permits to be revoked.
Facing public outrage, Environment Minister Hanif Faisol Nurofiq announced an investigation into eight companies suspected of worsening the disaster. He said environmental permits will be reviewed and future assessments must factor in extreme rainfall scenarios.
“Someone must be held accountable,” he said.
The latest weather forecasts predict heavy showers and thunderstorms from Friday to Saturday, with saturated soil and swollen rivers leaving communities on edge.
“The two-day forecast signals persistent wet conditions, with heavy rain expected during the day and night, and thunderstorms likely in several flood-prone districts,” said Teuku Faisal Fathani, the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency chief.
For Safnida, a 67-year-old survivor, the forecast brings renewed anxiety.
“We can’t expect life to always be good, right? I’m grateful to be alive while my house collapsed in the floods,” she said, sitting on a thin mat in an elementary school turned evacuation shelter in Padang city on Thursday.
“At my age, I don’t know if I can still survive,” said Safnida, who like many Indonesians goes by a single name.
