WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court on Friday for now prevented President Donald Trump from firing the head of a watchdog agency in the first legal showdown to reach the justices over the administration’s efforts to dramatically remake the federal government.
In an unusual, tentative move, the court neither granted nor denied an emergency request filed by the Trump administration after lower courts had blocked the effort to fire Hampton Dellinger, who heads the Office of Special Counsel.
Instead, in a brief order, the court said it would not immediately act because lower court proceedings are moving quickly. A hearing is scheduled for Feb. 26.
The court, which said it was holding the Trump request "in abeyance," could act after that.
Follow live politics coverage here
Two justices, liberals Sonia Sotomayor and Ketanji Brown Jackson said they would have denied the application outright, while two of the court's conservatives — Justices Neil Gorsuch and Samuel Alito — said they would have granted it.
Gorsuch wrote that a federal judge "effectively commanded the president and other executive branch officials to recognize and work with someone whom the president sought to remove from office."
Trump wants to install Doug Collins, the secretary of the Department of Veterans Affairs, as acting head of the agency.
The emergency request was likely the first of many such applications the administration is going to file at the Supreme Court in the wake of lower court rulings that have hindered Trump's aggressive and unprecedented shakeup of federal agencies. The president, in alliance with billionaire Elon Musk, has fired thousands of workers, sought to block federal spending and has attempted to dismantle disfavored agencies, including the U.S. Agency for International Development.
In asking the Supreme Court to intervene, acting Solicitor General Sarah Harris referred to the flurry of temporary restraining orders issued by federal judges that have at least temporarily blocked various Trump initiatives.
“This court should not allow the judiciary to govern by temporary restraining order and supplant the judicial accountability the Constitution ordains,” she wrote.
Harris also addressed recent statements made by administration officials, including Vice President JD Vance, that appeared to put in question whether the White House would comply with court orders.
“The Executive Branch takes seriously its constitutional duty to comply with the orders of Article III courts, and it has fulfilled that duty here,” she wrote, referring to the section of the Constitution that outlines judicial powers.
FOR SUBSCRIBERSA harrowing ordeal aboard an Israel-bound plane
FOR SUBSCRIBERSThe debate over AI’s future rages on both coasts
The Office of Special Counsel handles various issues related to federal employees, overseeing protections for whistleblowers, and enforcing restrictions on political activity. The office can bring enforcement actions and issue regulations; it has no relationship with the special counsels that can be appointed by the Justice Department to bring federal prosecutions.
FOR SUBSCRIBERSA harrowing ordeal aboard an Israel-bound plane
FOR SUBSCRIBERSThe debate over AI’s future rages on both coasts
Dellinger took office in March 2024 after being picked by former President Joe Biden and confirmed by the Senate.
Trump sought to remove him from office on Feb. 7, prompting Dellinger to file suit.
Under federal law, the head of the agency has a five-year term and can be fired by the president “only for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance.”
But the Supreme Court has previously said that similar restrictions on presidential power are unconstitutional because they infringe upon the core constitutional powers of the president.
In 2020, the court ruled on those grounds in a case involving the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau director and followed that up with a similar ruling a year later concerning the Federal Housing Finance Agency.
Washington-based federal judge Amy Berman Jackson issued a stay on Feb. 10 preventing Dellinger from being removed while his case proceeded and later issued a temporary restraining order that extended the hold for two weeks.
The Trump administration appealed to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, which declined to overturn the ruling on a 2-1 vote. The administration then turned to the Supreme Court.
CORRECTION (Feb. 22, 2025, 12:47 p.m. ET): A previous version of this article misidentified one of the conservative Supreme Court justices who would have granted the Trump administration’s request. It was Samuel Alito, not Clarence Thomas.
