NEW YORK — On the day after the coronavirus outbreak was declared a global pandemic, Joe Ferguson was given a batch of court-ordered evictions to carry out in his job as constable in Tucson, Arizona.
He knocked on doors in the majority Hispanic community of South Tucson, told residents to gather personal effects, clothing, medications and pets, and watched as some families became homeless.
Ferguson says he strongly opposed the evictions, with the Arizona court system requiring him to toss people out of their homes even as the nation was going into a deeper state of lockdown and panic over the coronavirus.
“To serve the best interests of the entire community, while we’re all facing a public health epidemic, we should allow people to stay in their homes, so that we don’t stress our shelters, our hospitals and our first responders,” Ferguson said.
Then last week, President Donald Trump announced a proposed $1.5 trillion package that he said includes “immediate relief to renters and homeowners” by suspending evictions and foreclosures for 60 days.
But, it turns out, the vast majority of renters will not be covered by the protections.
That’s because the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s plan only covers single-family homes with loans through the Federal Housing Administration — roughly 8 million homeowners, most of whom are not under foreclosure, according to HUD.
That compares to the roughly 43 million households who rented in 2019, according to the U.S. Census. Roughly half rent their home from an individual investor, while the other half rent from a business or multi-unit property owner. The ones renting from a business will not receive any protections, according to HUD’s proposal.
While housing advocates praised the Trump administration package as an “important first step,” they said that by excluding renters, an often economically vulnerable population, it does not go nearly far enough.
Susanna Blankley, coordinator of the Right to Counsel NYC Coalition, said she’s concerned for renters and others who won’t be covered by Trump’s moratorium.
“It will help a lot of people but ... it’s a very limited subset,” Blankley said. “It’s not nearly enough.”
“We need big-scale solutions,” said Andrea Shapiro with the Metropolitan Council on Housing, a New York-based advocacy organization.
The White House did not respond to multiple requests for comment.
Renters tend to have lower incomes than their homeowner counterparts and cannot tap into the equity in their homes for a credit line it in case of an emergency. And a disproportionate number of renters are African American, Hispanic and other minorities.
Housing advocates say the situation in the United States reveals a bigger crisis with affordable housing that goes beyond the current virus emergency. And they have grave fears about what happens next, when tenants and homeowners face back payments and are still broke from being jobless.
Officials in more than three dozen cities and states, including San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York state, have put in place their own policies to halt evictions, foreclosures and utility shutoffs out of concern that the economic fallout from massive job losses will push many people to the brink of homelessness at a time when they need to stay in their houses and apartments.
The measures vary in scope, and have included a monthslong reprieve for renters and homeowners who can show that their inability to pay is related to the coronavirus upheaval.
But the majority of states and localities have yet to step in to stop people from losing their homes.
“At this point, with so much uncertainty for so many people who have not thought of themselves at risk of homelessness, to have any type of relief is helpful,” said Jeff Smythe, chief executive director of Hope Atlanta, a homelessness prevention organization in Georgia. The state had an eviction rate of 4.7% in 2016, more than double the U.S. average, according to data analysis by the Eviction Lab.
“Behind all of this is the bigger crisis,” Smythe said. “Not having enough affordable housing, not having livable wages and the disparities around income are still with us.”
Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms signed an order last week meant to stop nonpayment evictions by the Atlanta metropolitan area’s public housing authorities for 60 days. The moratorium is a “key component of our collective community efforts to prevent further exposure and spread of this virus,” Bottoms said in a statement.
In Chicago, Cook County Sheriff Tom Dart announced that he was delaying enforcement of all eviction orders until April 30. During a televised address, Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot asked property owners to “show grace” with tenants. “No one needs the added stress of evictions, certainly not now,” she said.
And in Michigan on Friday, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer signed an executive order halting eviction-related court proceedings until the state’s coronavirus emergency has passed. The order, which will remain in effect through April 17, allows tenants and mobile home owners to stay put even if they aren’t current on their rent.
In Detroit, which has one of the nation’s largest African American majorities and has been particularly hard hit by foreclosures since the 2008 height of the mortgage crisis, homeowners will need relief beyond what’s being offered in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, said Nicole Small, vice chair of the city’s Charter Commission.
“Foreclosures are stripping away the culture and fabric of the city of Detroit,” Small said. “Home ownership is something that’s really important, especially to the black community, and now you have a lot of people who have owned homes for decades and they’re actually becoming renters because they don’t have any other options.”
“The practices and the policies are so aggressive in order to displace people but the remedies and relief, they are so few and far between,” Small said.
Housing advocates also said they were concerned with how economically at-risk individuals would prove that they qualify for the relief being offered by local governments.
“Folks who are performers or play music, who pick up bar-tending shifts here and there, who do various kinds of gig work are not going to show loss of income because there isn’t a steady stream to begin with,” said Deepa Varma, executive director of the San Francisco Tenants Union, a housing advocacy group.
“We don’t see how folks are going to catch up when they’re already barely making rent as it is,” Varma said.
There are growing calls for a national “rent holiday” long enough to help those who have lost jobs regain or find a solid financial foundation.
“People shouldn’t have to ask, ‘Do I use my last few dollars to get a bag of rice and beans, or do I hold onto that money to pay my rent?’” said Shapiro, of the Metropolitan Council on Housing in New York. “We shouldn’t just bail out the airlines and the banks.”
That’s why Black Lives Matter Houston co-founder Ashton Woods has launched a petition asking Texas Gov. Greg Abbott to suspend rent, mortgage and utility payments. On Thursday, the Texas Supreme Court halted state court eviction proceedings until after April 19, and paused evictions until after April 26.
“For the most part, if you’re black and brown, you’re getting it a lot harder with the systemic racism and xenophobia,” Woods said. “Now, we have a pandemic where people are scared to go to the doctor, let alone miss work, because they still have to pay their rent.”
