Iowa residents flipping their TV channels this season aren't finding a whole lot of Christmas cheer. A barrage of negative presidential campaign ads is flooding the airwaves, with ghoulish images of former House speakers Newt Gingrich and Nancy Pelosi crowding Santa and doomsday music drowning out holiday song.
Mitt Romney is likened to "big-government liberals." Gingrich is castigated for his "baggage." The still-volatile Republican presidential field means Iowans have two more weeks of this before the leadoff caucuses Jan. 3 offer the first chance for voters to begin choosing the party's nominee..
The onslaught of scalding ads and messages landing in voters' mailboxes, prompted in part by a Supreme Court decision last year that helped open the floodgates for political contributions, has made the race for the 2012 Republican nomination among the most negative the state has ever seen. The campaign air war, slow to start at first, has intensified as the caucuses loom closer — leaving observers to puzzle over its recent dark turn.
"The ads are more negative than they were in 2007," said Dianne Bystrom, a political communications professor at Iowa State University.
"In part it's the mood of the country, which has certainly darkened in the last four years," Bystrom said. "Some of the Republicans haven't spent a lot of time in the state, so they're communicating on television. And there's lots of third party ads this time that have really changed the dynamic."
That means Texas Gov. Rick Perry is slamming Romney, the former Massachusetts governor, for supporting an individual health care mandate that formed the basis of President Barack Obama's health care law that Republicans loathe. Texas Rep. Ron Paul is complaining about "smooth-talking politicians" over video images of Gingrich, Romney and President Barack Obama. And a pro-Romney independent group, Restore Our Future, has unleashed a multimillion-dollar assault on Gingrich, effectively doing the former Massachusetts governor's dirty work while letting him float safely above the fray.
"Newt Gingrich has more baggage than the airlines," the group's new ad says, showing Gingrich pairing with Pelosi, the House Democratic leader, to fight climate change.
While attack ads are often effective, they can muddy the instigator as much as they wound the target. That's particularly true in a multicandidate field, where an attack on one candidate from another can actually benefit a third.
Such was the case in 2004, when Democrats Howard Dean and Dick Gephardt battled each other hard in Iowa. Another rival, Sen. John Kerry, took advantage of the fray and went on to win the caucuses and the nomination that year.
As an officially independent group, Restore Our Future bears no mention of Romney's name — protecting him to some degree from blowback. It is made up of former Romney advisers.
Gingrich, for his part, isn't ready to give Romney a pass. He addressed the risk to Romney at campaign events in Iowa this week when asked about the impact of the group's ads.
"It reflects badly on other Republicans that they haven't got anything positive to say for themselves and they have to rely on their consultants trying to tear down a fellow Republican and they are in effect doing Barack Obama's work," Gingrich said Monday. "I think the average Republican's going to be very unhappy with Republicans whose entire campaign is negative."
He turned up the heat Tuesday.
"Understand, these are his people running his ads, doing his dirty work while he pretends to be above it," Gingrich said in Ottumwa, Iowa. "I don't object to being outspent. I object to lies. I object to negative smear campaigns."
Earlier Tuesday, Romney said in an appearance on the cable TV station MSNBC that super PACs have been "a disaster." But he refused to urge Restore Our Future to halt the attacks on Gingrich, saying that the law prohibits his campaign and such groups to coordinate.
A fired-up Gingrich, who has seen his candidacy slide amid a barrage of attack ads, read Romney's remarks to reporters and then promptly labeled them "baloney." He again urged Romney to demand that the negative spots be taken down.
"I think these guys hire consultants who get drunk, sit around and write stupid ads," Gingrich said. "Every one of these candidates should take responsibility for the lies they are putting up".
To be sure, not every candidate is blistering the airwaves.
Gingrich, for his part, is trying to make good on a campaign promise to stay positive in ads even though he's swiped indirectly at Romney. The former House speaker and his wife, Callista, are expected to appear in a campaign Christmas commercial in Iowa later this week.
Cash-strapped hopefuls Minnesota Rep. Michele Bachmann and former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum are focusing their limited resources on retail campaigning. Jon Huntsman has avoided Iowa in order to go all out n New Hampshire, which hosts the nation's first primary Jan. 10. Our Destiny, a super PAC supporting the former Utah governor, has run positive ads there for him.
By far the biggest jolt to the advertising landscape this time is the emergence of super PACs — independent groups that can raise and spend unlimited money to support or attack a candidate.
Last year's landmark Supreme Court ruling easing campaign spending restrictions on corporations has brought forth a proliferation of such groups in Iowa. Restore Our Future, a super PAC, has been by far the most prolific, devoting its resources to painting Gingrich as a greedy, unethical hypocrite.
Make Us Great Again, a super PAC backing Perry, has also spent heavily on ads. Groups supporting Gingrich and Santorum have just started to go on the air.
Marty Kaplan, a political communications expert at the University of Southern California, said the negative attacks from both candidates and outside groups would all but certainly continue past Iowa.
"Negative ads work," Kaplan said. "They are compelling narratives with villains and twists that evoke emotion, and they do everything that Hollywood wants to happen to an audience."
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Associated Press writers Tom Beaumont and Shannon McCaffrey in Iowa and Jack Gillum in Washington contributed to this report.
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