Jenny, Shamba, Timbo, Beta and Elaine are zoo gorillas, but they have something in common with millions of women: They have undergone menopause.
A study of gorillas at 17 North American zoos, led by Chicago's Brookfield Zoo, is the first to document gorilla menopause, according to researchers who were not involved in the study.
The findings may help zoos improve how they care for aging female gorillas and change the way evolutionary biologists think about menopause in humans.
The study also may provoke a few chuckles along the way.
"Do they have hot flashes? Do they get grouchy? We haven't been able to measure those things yet, but give us time," said study co-author Sue Margolis, a former Brookfield Zoo researcher and now curator of primates at Chicago's Lincoln Park Zoo.
More time for grandmas?
Many biologists believe menopause evolved because it gave human grandmothers more time to help care for their grandchildren, said Steve Austad, a researcher at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio who was not involved in the study.
The new findings argue against the so-called "grandmother hypothesis," because female gorillas in the wild migrate away from their family groups and don't hang around to care for the grandkids.
Instead of an evolutionary adaptation, menopause could result merely from humans — and captive gorillas — living longer, Austad said.
"It's going to make evolutionary biologists think long and hard about what this suggests for humans," Austad said. "Right now, they're saying humans are unique. It may turn out you can get gorillas to live 75 years, and 25 years of that is post-menopausal."
Measuring hormones
The oldest gorilla in captivity is believed to be 51-year-old Jenny at the Dallas Zoo. She was one of 30 gorillas in the study and among the 23 percent of older gorillas found to have undergone menopause when researchers measured the gorillas' hormones.
Another 32 percent of the older gorillas showed irregular hormone patterns over several months, signs that they, too, might be approaching menopause.
The average age of the post-menopausal gorillas was 44. In American women, menopause hits around age 51.
The researchers received a $50,000 grant from the National Institute on Aging, part of the federal National Institutes of Health.
