Doctors might be able to gauge heart patients’ risk of death or heart attack by measuring levels of a growth factor protein in their blood, a German study suggests.
The report adds the protein to a growing list of biomarkers for inflammation that could help predict a person’s risk of heart disease and can be detected through a simple blood test.
The newly recognized marker, called placental growth factor protein, or PlGF, has been shown to contribute to inflammation in the arteries. Animal research has shown that blocking its effects suppresses growth of fatty plaques in the arteries.
The latest findings, which appear in Wednesday’s Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that testing for PlGF might be more effective at predicting patients’ risks than measuring some other inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein, or CRP.
That is because PlGF appears to be released primarily from cells inside blood vessel walls, whereas CRP levels might rise in response to inflammation or infection elsewhere in the body.
More research needed
Still, the lead researcher, Dr. Christopher Heeschen of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt, said more studies confirming the results are needed before doctors can rely on P1GF as an early warning sign.
The study involved 1,173 patients, mostly men, with either severe chest pain or mild heart attacks.
Blood tests showed high PlGF levels in more than 300 patients. Those patients were about three times more likely than those with low levels to die or have heart attacks within 30 days of their first symptoms.
The study “is an important step forward” but also raises questions, including whether the protein would be useful in assessing risk in the general population, said Dr. Robert Bonow, a Northwestern University cardiologist and former president of the American Heart Association.
The German research will probably help lead to a whole new minimally invasive way of testing patients with chest pain, said Dr. Eric Topol, the Cleveland Clinic’s cardiology chief.
“No one would ever have thought that through a few proteins you could know what’s going on in the artery walls,” Topol said.
He predicted that in the next few years chest-pain patients will routinely be given blood tests for an array of inflammatory proteins.
“This is where we’re headed,” Topol said.
